Ferrous alloy compositions



Patented Feb. 14, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE-Q FERROUS ALLOY COMPOSITIONS v Joseph V. Emmons, Shalrer Heights, Ohio, as-

signor to The Cleveland Twist Drill Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing.

Original application August 5,

1936, Serial No. 94,429. 'Divided and this application December 24, 1938, Serial No. 247,639

5Claims. 401315-128):

This application is a division of my co-pend-' ing application Serial Number 94,429, filed Authe teachings in these prior patentsparticularly withrespect to variations in certain of the pri-' mary alloying constituents, whereby alloy compositions, particularly suited for certain classes 15 of work and rather distinct from the compositions disclosed inmy said prior patents are produced.

It is among the objects of my invention, therefore, to provide alloy compositions of. the same 20 general character as those disclosed in my above-identified prior patent but which, due to variations in the amounts of certain of the alloying elements used, are better suited for certain purposes than the compositions defined in such prior patent. Other objects of my invention will appear as the description proc To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention, then consists of the means hereinafter fully described, and particu-' larly pointedout in the claims, the following description setting forth in detail someapproved combination of ingredients embodying my invention, such disclosed means constituting, however,

but a few or the various forms in which the principle of the invention may be used.

My invention may be, as .above indicated, stated in general terms as comprising the discovery that certain variations, from the composition or compositions disclosed in my aforementioned prior patent, result in alloys particularly useful for certain purposes; more specificall the present invention relates particularly to variations in the amount of carbon and to the use of specified amounts of nickel.

in accordance withmy present invention, an alloy may contain the following elements within the percentages given, viz: 1

' Per cent so Carbon About 0.10 to about 0.45 Manganese None to about 4.00 Silicon None to about 3.00 Chromium None to about 15.00 Tungsten About 0.07 to about 6.00

55 Vanadium None to about 5.00 Molybdenum About 0.60 to about 15.00 Cobalt None to about 16.00

Nickel, ...An eifective amount to about 10.00 V

The '1 present invention is, in' effect, an extension of the remainder being substantially iron together with such other alloying elements and impurities as are sometimes found in alloys of the character to which this invention relates.

A somewhat narrower range of percentages within which the several alloying elements may be present in compositions according to my invention is as follows:

Per cent Carbon About 0.25 to about 0.40 Manganese "About 0.05 to about 1.00 Silicon About 0.20 to about 2.25 Chromiu.m About 0.20 to about 10.00 Tungsten L About 0.30 to about 4.00 Vanadium About 0.20 to about 2.50 Molybdenum "About 2.00 to about 12.00 Cobalt None to about 10.00 Nickel. An efi'ective amount to about 6.00

, the character to which this invention relates.

A range of percentages within which the various alloying elements may be present in some of the alloys in accordance with the present invention and which have been found to possess particularly desirable properties is as follows:

I Per cent Carbon About 0.25 to about 0.45 Manganese About 0.05 to about 0.50 Silicon About 0.05 to about 0.45 Chromium s .About 1.00 to about 5.00 Tungsten About 0.10 to about 4.00 Vanadium "About 0.60 toabout 2.50 Molybdenum About 0.60 to about 10.00 Cobalt None to about 9.00 Nickel An efiective amount to about 4.00

the remainder being substantially iron together with such other alloying elements and impurities as are sometimes found in compositions of the character to which this invention relates.

In the following table are included specific ex amples of alloy compositions falling within the denotes that the alloy was not analyzed for this ele iiient.

the remainder being substantially iron together with such other alloying elements and impurities as are sometimes found in compositions of the character to which-this invention relates.

The type of steel which characterizes the prescut invention and is notable for its low carbon content has great usefulness in the field of steels in which strength and toughness are of greater importance than cutting quality.

These steels have a high degree of strength and plasticity andretain a high hardness at tempering and operating temperatures in excess of 1100 F. Hot work dies such as coining dies made from these steels have shown an excellent performance in excess of that shown by steels of the prior art with which they have been com pared The range of hardening temperatures is 2150 F. to 2240 F., and the range of tempering temperatures is 1000 F. to 1200 F. When hardened at 2220 F. and tempered at 1050 F. a Rockwell hardness of about C61 is shown. It will be recognized that this Rockwell hardness is very high to have been retained by steels of this carbon content after such a tempering temperature.

-As previously indicated, compositions of the general class disclosed herein are similar to the general class disclosed in my prior patents such as Nos. 1,937,334 and 1,998,953 with respect to the tungsten and molybdenum content, 1. e., the amount of tungsten in the compositions may be broadly stated as comprising about 2% to about 40% of the amount of molybdenum present. A somewhat narrower range of proportional relationships between tungsten and molybdenum contemplates the use of tungsten in amounts from 10% to 30% of the amount of molybdenum present. The broad range of from 2% to 40%, above referred to,'may be conveniently divided into the following groups, viz.:--2% to 16%, 16% to 25% and 25% to 40%.

Attention is directed tothe fact that certain of the steels included in the foregoing description of my invention may be readily nitrided.-

Throughout the foregoing description several tables have been given indicating the ranges of percentages within which the various alloying elements may be present in an alloy composition according to the present invention. The specific examples which have been given indicate in gen-- eral terms the proportional relationship within such broad ranges which should be maintained between the several alloying elements for best results. The tables giving the broad ranges of composition should, therefore; be construed as indicating merely the limits within which the various alloying elements may be present but not as indicating any proportional relationship between such elements.

As is well known to those familiar with the art, any specification for a particular alloy composition must permitof certain variations due to'the fact that in making up the composition, it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to commercially produce a composition exactly like a given specification. It is to be understood, therefore, that throughout the description and claims where I have used figures to denote definite amounts and ranges, such amounts and ranges are to be construed to include the range of-variations usually permissible in making up alloy compositions to given specifications.

It should be noted that where the term none is used to denote the absence of silicon, manganese, chromium, cobalt and vanadium, the construction to be placed upon this term is a commercial absence of the elements in question. Silicon, manganese, chromium, cobalt and vanadium may be considered as commercially absent if they are present inamounts less than 0.05%.

It is understood that in the compositions specifled herein, minor amounts of other alloying elements such as titanium, tantalum, columbium, uranium, boron, zirconium, copper, aluminium,

etc., as well as minor amounts of' impurities such as sulphur, phosphorus, arsenic, tin, etc., may be included and when the phrase "the remainder being substantially all iron" is used, it is intended to include minor amounts of such elements which, for example, may find their way into the composition by being present in the raw materials such as scrap used in making up the composition.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of those explained, change being made as regards the materials employed, provided the ingredients stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated ingredients be employed.

I, therefore, particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

1. A ferrous alloy composition comprising:

I Per cent Carbon From about 0.10 to about 0.45 Manganese- From an effective amt. to about 4.00 Silicon From an eifective amt. to about 3.00 Chromium From an effective amt. to about 15.00 Vanadium-.. From an effective amt. to about 5.00

Nickel From an effective amt. to about 10.00 Molybdenum---" From about 0.60 to about 15.00 Tungsten From about 0.07 to about 6.00

the amount of tungsten present being from about 2% to about 40% of the amount of molybdenum present, and the remainder being substantially all iron.

2.v A ferrous alloy composition comprising:

. Per cent Carbon From about 0.25 to about 0.40 Manganese..- From about 0.05 to about 1.00 Silicon From about 0.20 to about 2.25 Chromium From about 0.20 to about 10.00 Molybdenum From about 2.00 to about 12.00 Tungsten From about 0.30 to about 4.00 Vanadium---" From about 0.20 to about 2.50 Nickel From an effective amt. to about 6.00

the amount of tungsten present being-from about 2% to about 40% of the amount of molybdenum present, and the remainder being substantially all iron.

the amount of tungsten present being from about 2% to about 40% of the amount of molybdenum present, and the .remainder beingsubstantially all iron.

4. A ferrous alloy composition comprising:

i Per cent Carbon From about 0.25 to about 0.45 Manganese From about 0.05 to about 0.50 Silicon From about 0.05 to about 0.45 .Chromium From about 1.00 to about 5.00 Molybdenum From about 0.60 to about 10.00 Tungsten From about 0.10 toabout 2.50 Vanadium From about 0.60 to about 2.50

Nlckel.. From an effective amt. to about 4.00

Tungsten from about 16% to about 25% of the amount of molybdenum present, and the remaining being substantially all iron.

5. A ferrous alloy composition comprising:

, Percent Carbon About 0.40 Manganese About .06

Silicon About .39

Nickel About 1.60 and the' remainder being substantially all iron.

JOSEPH V. EMIMONS. 

